Identify Hidden Battery Defects Before They Become Costly Failures

Reduce Failure Risk with Advanced CT Scanning for Lithium-Ion, Solid-State, and Next-Generation Batteries

Most battery failures start quietly. Below the cell surface, swelling, overheating, power loss, or a catastrophic breakdown could be lurking. Small voids, electrodes out of alignment, debris, squashed separators, cracked welds, and even early-stage dendrites or uneven electrolyte can live inside. Reliability and performance are threatened long before a battery fails in the real world.

Oddly enough, even with this internal damage, many batteries still manage to pass standard electrical tests. The real story, though, takes more advanced tools to uncover.

Nel PreTech tackles these hidden failures by using industrial CT scanning. In conjunction with top-tier engineering evaluation systems, we spot structural flaws without taking the battery apart. No destructive teardown needed. Our approach works for chemistries like lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and solid-state. Computed tomography is also suitable for hybrid or next-generation battery designs.

Whether you’re building electric vehicle packs, medical implants, or industrial energy storage systems, real insight starts with seeing inside. Engineers and manufacturers need actionable data to produce better designs, fix problems, and push battery performance forward.

Find Defects Before the Battery Fails—No
Destruction Required

Traditional inspection methods are not sufficient for battery inspections. Surface checks miss the real culprits behind battery failures. Industrial CT scanning changes the game. It captures a true 3D view of everything inside the battery while everything stays intact. Every electrode, layer, and interface can be interrogated. 

That matters during failure investigations. Destructive teardown can eliminate critical evidence before engineering teams fully understand what caused the problem. This allows engineers to inspect internal structures layer by layer while preserving the component for additional testing or validation.

Industrial CT scanning systems can evaluate:

  • Lithium-ion battery cells
  • Solid-state batteries
  • Sodium-ion batteries
  • Next-generation energy storage cells
  • Cylindrical batteries
  • Pouch cells
  • Prismatic cells
  • Battery packs and modules
  • Welded interconnects
  • Busbars and terminals
  • Consumer electronic batteries
  • EV battery components
  • Additively manufactured battery structures
  • Battery management system assemblies
  • Prismatic cells
  • Encapsulated electronic assemblies

Using high-resolution CT scanning, engineers can visualize internal conditions that are otherwise inaccessible through conventional metrology methods.

Identify Root Causes Faster with High-Resolution Internal Analysis

Many battery-related failures are not caused by a single defect, and therefore, the analysis is not limited to just one category.

Failures develop gradually through manufacturing variation, charging cycles, vibration, thermal stress, material fatigue, environmental exposure, or assembly inconsistencies that compound over time.

Internal Voids and Porosity

Voids within materials, welds, or interfaces can impact conductivity, heat transfer, and structural integrity. Industrial CT scanning allows engineers to identify and quantify internal porosity without damaging the sample.

Electrode Misalignment

Electrode stacking inconsistencies can contribute to uneven current distribution, localized heating, or premature degradation. CT scanning allows precise visualization of layer positioning and alignment throughout the battery structure.

Separator Damage

Crushed, folded, punctured, or compromised separators can create unstable internal conditions that increase the risk of short circuits or thermal runaway events.

These defects are often difficult to isolate through conventional inspection methods alone.

Swelling and Deformation

Mechanical deformation inside a battery can indicate internal gas generation, thermal stress, material degradation, or manufacturing inconsistencies.

Weld Defects and Interconnect Issues

Battery tabs, laser welds, ultrasonic welds, and interconnect structures can be inspected for:

  • Incomplete fusion
  • Cracking
  • Voids
  • Misalignment
  • Material inconsistencies
  • Fatigue damage
Foreign Material Contamination

Contamination introduced during manufacturing or assembly can create electrical instability and unpredictable field failures.

Thermal Event Investigation

Following overheating, venting, or catastrophic failure events, CT scanning can help identify collapse zones, structural deformation, internal displacement, and failure propagation patterns.

For engineering teams investigating field returns or validation failures, preserving internal evidence can be critical.

Support Emerging Battery Technologies with Greater Internal Visibility

Nel PreTech supports failure analysis and internal inspection for a wide range of battery chemistries and evolving energy storage technologies.

This includes:

  • Lithium-ion batteries
  • Solid-state batteries
  • Sodium-ion batteries
  • Nickel-metal hydride batteries
  • Nickel-cadmium batteries
  • Multi-cell hybrid architectures
  • Experimental and prototype battery systems
  • High-density energy storage assemblies
  • Advanced aerospace and defense battery systems

As battery technologies continue evolving toward higher energy density, faster charging cycles, lighter materials, and tighter packaging constraints, internal inspection becomes increasingly important.

Small inconsistencies can create outsized downstream problems once products enter real-world operating conditions.

Faster, Easier, & More In-depth CT Scans to Get You Answers When You Need Them

Our Industrial Computed Tomography Scanning is Industry Leading, But it Takes More Than Just a Scan:

  • Inspection reports get delivered faster, particularly compared to other providers.
  • Easy to use viewer software, tutorials and help videos.
  • Access to our experienced team for reviewing results.
  • Web conferences are always available to discuss results.
  • Dedicated and responsive account ENGINEERS to keep your tight deadlines met.

Industrial CT Scanning Expertise Across ALL Industries

Serving more than 3,000 clients in a diverse mix of industries.

Medical Devices

Luers, Drug Delivery, Medical Implants, Dental Hardware, Medical Connectors

Automotive

Electric Vehicles, Batteries, Farming & Mining Equipment, Recreational Vehicles, Marine

Coordinate measuring machine
Aerospace

Manifolds, Pumps, Nozzles, Electronics, Fuel Chambers

Consumer Products

Packaging, Disposable Cutlery, Sporting Goods, Tech Manufacturing

Traditional Manufacturing

Die Casting, Metal Stamping, Plastic Injection Molding, Metal Injection Molding

Additive Manufacturing

3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, Direct Manufacturing, Tooling

Firearms inspection. CT scanning for defense contractors. ITAR compliant
Defense

Firearms, Weapons Systems, Hypersonics, Ammunition, Military Components

Equipment & Expertise Make The Difference

Cutting-Edge Equipment

  • Zeiss Metrotom 800 & 1500 Computed Tomography Machines: Developed by a global leader & manufacturer of precision-measuring instruments.
  • Leading metrology software for precise examination & analysis of your manufactured products.

Multidisciplinary Team

  • Work with CT specialists who are physicists. They understand the science behind x-rays.
  • Receive the most useful & high-quality data possible from experts who can capture part features that otherwise would not be picked up by average competitor CT scans.

Accreditation

Establishes

  • Competency of skill
  • Adequacy of equipment
  • Reliability of business process/quality management system
  • Contract review & final inspection
  • Proven measurement uncertainty
ISO/IEC 17025 Scope & CertificateLearn More About Technical Capabilities

Frequently Asked Questions

Why would a battery pass electrical testing but still fail in the field?

Yes, as always, there are limitations based on part density and path lengths.

Can CT scanning identify the source of battery swelling?

Yes, Swelling is often a symptom rather than the root cause itself. CT scanning can help identify internal deformation, gas generation regions, structural displacement, crushed layers, separator damage, or manufacturing inconsistencies contributing to expansion inside the cell.

For many engineering teams, understanding where deformation started is just as important as documenting the swelling itself.

What kinds of weld defects are commonly found in battery assemblies?

Battery failure investigations frequently uncover:

  • Incomplete weld fusion
  • Cracking
  • Internal porosity
  • Misalignment
  • Heat-affected inconsistencies
  • Fatigue-related damage
  • Weak interconnect regions

Even small weld inconsistencies can affect conductivity, heat generation, vibration resistance, and long-term durability.

Can industrial CT scanning help investigate thermal runaway events?

Yes. Following overheating or thermal runaway, CT scanning can help identify collapse zones, internal displacement, fracture patterns, venting pathways, and failure propagation throughout the battery structure.

In many cases, preserving the battery intact during analysis helps engineering teams retain evidence that would otherwise be lost during destructive teardown.

What causes internal battery misalignment?

Internal misalignment can develop during manufacturing, stacking, winding, assembly, handling, vibration exposure, or repeated charge-discharge cycling.

Even small positional shifts between internal layers can contribute to uneven current distribution, localized heating, accelerated degradation, or internal shorting conditions.

Can CT scanning detect defects inside sealed or encapsulated battery assemblies?

Yes, Industrial CT scanning is especially valuable for sealed, welded, potted, or encapsulated assemblies where destructive sectioning may damage critical evidence or make internal inspection difficult.

This is common in aerospace, medical, defense, EV, and consumer electronics applications.

When is destructive sectioning not enough for battery analysis?

Sectioning only reveals isolated slices of the battery.

Many failure modes are highly localized or develop across multiple internal regions. Once the battery is cut open, important spatial relationships and structural evidence may already be lost.

CT scanning allows engineers to inspect the entire internal structure before deciding whether destructive analysis is necessary.

Can CT scanning help compare failed batteries against known-good samples?

Yes, Comparative analysis is one of the most effective ways to identify subtle manufacturing variation, deformation, layer inconsistencies, weld differences, or structural anomalies that may contribute to field failures.

Digital datasets also make it easier to document findings across multiple production lots or supplier samples.

What battery applications commonly require CT-based failure analysis?

Battery failure analysis is commonly used for:

  • Electric vehicle batteries
  • Aerospace power systems
  • Defense electronics
  • Consumer electronics
  • Medical devices
  • Energy storage systems
  • Prototype battery development
  • Manufacturing validation
  • Supplier investigations
  • Field-return analysis

As battery architectures become more compact and energy dense, internal inspection becomes increasingly important during both development and production.

What is the biggest advantage of CT scanning during battery investigations?

The biggest advantage is visibility.

CT scanning helps engineering and quality teams see internal conditions that conventional inspection methods cannot access without destroying the sample.

That visibility often shortens root cause investigations, improves engineering decision-making, and helps prevent repeat failures.

Case Studies

Colormap of CT scan data within VG software
Challenge:

A major consumer product company struggles to develop, approve, and launch multiple high-level cavitation molds for high-volume production & global distribution.

Solution:

Computed tomography and value-add services from Nel PreTech.

Results:

Client saves $1 million in direct cost and gains $60 million in cash flow four months sooner.

The Scoop: Product development & launch expedited with industrial CT scanning of new tooling.

View Full Case Study
Industrial CT scanning services allows analysis of hidden elements
Challenge:

Major grill manufacturer reaches out with malfunctioning glow plugs.

Solution:

Industrial CT scanning (x-ray material testing) provides digital 3D x-ray images of internal components of the glow plug & finds a wire break inside the heating device.

Results:

Client is able to investigate the root cause of the glow plug failure and fix the problem.

Grillers Rejoice: Pellet grills saved by industrial CT scanning.

Read Full Case Study
Blue light scan of an automotive door handle
Challenge:

Global OEM medical device company needs help developing and launching drug delivery pumps.

Solution:

CT scanning and value-add services create a turnkey solution to give the client a competitive advantage.

Results:

20 new tools in 20 weeks.

A Medical Miracle: Drug delivery pumps developed and launched in record time with 3D scanning services.

Read the full Case Study

Find Hidden Battery Problems Before They Escalate

When battery reliability, safety, or manufacturing consistency is at stake, hidden internal defects can become costly problems.

A defect missed during validation can become a warranty issue, supplier dispute, delayed launch, or field failure later.

Advanced industrial CT scanning and non-destructive battery analysis help manufacturers, engineers, and quality teams identify internal defects earlier, shorten investigation timelines, and make more confident engineering decisions.

Contact Nel PreTech today to discuss your battery analysis project, request a quote, or learn more about our industrial CT scanning capabilities.

Nel PreTech Corporation
Phone: (708) 429-4887
Website: www.nelpretech.com

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